Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Collaborative formulation, behavioral experiments and condition-specific skills make rigid appraisal–action loops available to new evidence.
Psychotherapy · Lecture 29 · 22 routes
Twenty-two routes, each kept faithful to its own language. One map for seeing which processes a therapy recruits, in what sequence, for which problem and within which boundaries.
This map supports learning, conversation and formulation. It does not rank therapies, select treatment or replace professional assessment.
Not a contest. A choreography.
Psychotherapy is not a shelf of brands competing for one correct explanation. CBT tests a prediction through action; ERP stops a ritual from closing uncertainty; DBT builds an interval inside crisis; psychodynamic work meets repetition in relationship; family therapy changes the unit of observation. Their procedures, training and evidence are not identical—and are kept distinct here.
Lecture 29 adds a careful comparison layer: attention, cognition, behavior, affect, memory, body, relationship and values. Each page keeps the route in its own terms, shows what happens in the room, maps the transition it tries to make possible, and names uses, fit, limits and research anchors.
A common framework is useful only when it helps us see the differences more clearly.
I · Route family
Routes that make a prediction testable, restore contact with evidence, or update the way a memory governs the present.
Collaborative formulation, behavioral experiments and condition-specific skills make rigid appraisal–action loops available to new evidence.
Small, observable, values-linked actions rebuild contact with reinforcement, rhythm, mastery and people without turning recovery into a productivity test.
Consensual, diagnosis-specific exposure creates expectancy violation and competing learning; ERP specifically reduces the compulsions that maintain OCD.
Two distinct first-line PTSD routes: PE builds new learning through supported contact; CPT updates trauma-related meanings and stuck points.
An eight-phase PTSD treatment that combines target-memory activation, dual attention and bilateral stimulation while preserving uncertainty about mechanism.
II · Route family
Routes that widen the interval between inner event and action, without requiring pain to disappear first.
A comprehensive treatment system combining hierarchy, chain analysis, skills, coaching, consultation and dialectical alliance—not a skills list alone.
Defusion, acceptance, present-moment contact, perspective, values and committed action widen life without making symptom control the admission price.
MBCT, MBSR and MBRP share practices but differ in population, structure and evidence; trauma-sensitive pacing is part of competent delivery.
CFT organizes work around threat, drive and soothing systems, helping shame and self-criticism meet a wiser protective response.
III · Route family
Routes that work where attachment, identity, affect and expectations of other minds become inseparable.
Schemas, modes, limited reparenting, imagery and behavioral pattern breaking make rigid self–other states more recognizable and integrable.
A specialist treatment that slows attachment-driven certainty and restores the capacity to hold self and other perspectives as partial, revisable hypotheses.
A focused, time-limited depression treatment working with grief, role transition, role dispute and interpersonal difficulty in the current social field.
A family of treatments attending to affect, defense, expectation and repetition—including the way old relational predictions become present in therapy.
A specialist, structured psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder that studies polarized self–other states in the live therapeutic relationship.
IV · Route family
Routes that change embodied readiness, couple and family loops, or the field created by several people together.
Two distinct body-oriented trauma routes using sensation, orientation, movement and careful titration; their evidence is smaller than first-line PTSD protocols.
Individual emotion-focused therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy are related but distinct lineages: one transforms emotional states; the other reshapes attachment cycles.
A diverse family of approaches working with feedback, roles, boundaries, accommodation and interaction; named family and couple protocols have condition-specific evidence.
Group delivery can provide protocol, universality, feedback, belonging and rehearsal; outcomes depend on model, facilitation, composition and safety.
V · Route family
Routes that restore authorship, motivation, rhythm and a coherent way to combine processes without collapsing their differences.
Distinct traditions linked by dignity, agency, meaning and lived experience; they should not be collapsed into one manual or confused with Narrative Exposure Therapy.
Three distinct addiction routes: MI evokes the person’s reasons, RP maps and rehearses high-risk transitions, and CM changes immediate reinforcement.
IPSRT is a bipolar-specific adjunct integrating interpersonal work with social-rhythm stabilization; psychoeducation and skills must remain diagnosis- and context-specific.
Idiographic formulation selects evidence-based processes, measures response and revises sequence while preserving competence, diagnosis-specific care and honest uncertainty.